First,the principle of descending resistance:
Down Stop agent from a variety of ingredients, of which contain small graphite, bentonite, curing agents, lubricants, conductive cement. It is a good electrical conductors, it is used in between the ground and soil, on the one hand with the metal grounding in close contact to form a large enough flow of surface current; on the other hand, it can penetrate the surrounding soil, reducing the surrounding soil resistivity in the ground around a gentle change in low-resistivity region.
Second, product use:
Use a wide range of products for all areas of the national economy. It is used for electric power, telecommunications, construction, radio, television, railway, highway, air, water, national defense industry, mining metallurgical, coal, petroleum, chemicals, textiles, medicine and health care, culture and education sectors in the electrical grounding devices.
Third, the product advantages:
The effect of significantly lower resistance to reduce the workload of the construction can be little ground fighting, especially the level of grounding can be difficult to replace the construction of vertical grounding (in the mountains and rock areas, etc.). Construction of convenience, subject to the limitations of the construction site to resolve problems it can save a lot of metal material and has a long-term stability, good anti-corrosion properties. Less affected by climate. Comprehensive and good techno-economic.
Fourth, the amount of Down Stop agent
Economic Down Stop agent depending on the amount of soil should be determined, in the grounding of the laying of the thickness should be between 5-15CM, to facilitate the calculation, the amount recommended in the following table:
Fifth, the construction method
1, at the scene by the ratio of 3:2, add water, stirring to evenly Down Stop agent, into a paste-like. Immediately placed into the grounding of the pit, and then fill the fine soil and lay a solid foundation.
2, Construction icon
3, in the very use of the vertical ground Down Stop agent construction, no mechanical drilling conditions, can be scheduled for the laying of the ground electrode diameter Down Stop agent, processing a steel pipe as the outer mold, on the artificial ground excavation pit big mouth (as chart). The ground electrode on the central steel to make them in a vertical position. Steel outside backfill with fine soil, good modulation Down Stop agent, poured into the steel pole with ground between the crane and then pulled up steel. Lay a solid foundation for re-watering.
Sixth, the use of the communication base station Down Stop agent the design of grounding grids
1, grounding resistance factors
The impact of grounding resistance of a number of factors, and network forms, topography, terrain, geological structure, such as soil resistivity, earthing resistance based on empirical formula:
When the grounding resistance R = 4Ω, different soil resistivity and the corresponding net area shown in the following table: (Table 1)
Down Stop agent from a variety of ingredients, of which contain small graphite, bentonite, curing agents, lubricants, conductive cement. It is a good electrical conductors, it is used in between the ground and soil, on the one hand with the metal grounding in close contact to form a large enough flow of surface current; on the other hand, it can penetrate the surrounding soil, reducing the surrounding soil resistivity in the ground around a gentle change in low-resistivity region.
Second, product use:
Use a wide range of products for all areas of the national economy. It is used for electric power, telecommunications, construction, radio, television, railway, highway, air, water, national defense industry, mining metallurgical, coal, petroleum, chemicals, textiles, medicine and health care, culture and education sectors in the electrical grounding devices.
Third, the product advantages:
The effect of significantly lower resistance to reduce the workload of the construction can be little ground fighting, especially the level of grounding can be difficult to replace the construction of vertical grounding (in the mountains and rock areas, etc.). Construction of convenience, subject to the limitations of the construction site to resolve problems it can save a lot of metal material and has a long-term stability, good anti-corrosion properties. Less affected by climate. Comprehensive and good techno-economic.
Fourth, the amount of Down Stop agent
Economic Down Stop agent depending on the amount of soil should be determined, in the grounding of the laying of the thickness should be between 5-15CM, to facilitate the calculation, the amount recommended in the following table:
Fifth, the construction method
1, at the scene by the ratio of 3:2, add water, stirring to evenly Down Stop agent, into a paste-like. Immediately placed into the grounding of the pit, and then fill the fine soil and lay a solid foundation.
2, Construction icon
3, in the very use of the vertical ground Down Stop agent construction, no mechanical drilling conditions, can be scheduled for the laying of the ground electrode diameter Down Stop agent, processing a steel pipe as the outer mold, on the artificial ground excavation pit big mouth (as chart). The ground electrode on the central steel to make them in a vertical position. Steel outside backfill with fine soil, good modulation Down Stop agent, poured into the steel pole with ground between the crane and then pulled up steel. Lay a solid foundation for re-watering.
Sixth, the use of the communication base station Down Stop agent the design of grounding grids
1, grounding resistance factors
The impact of grounding resistance of a number of factors, and network forms, topography, terrain, geological structure, such as soil resistivity, earthing resistance based on empirical formula:
When the grounding resistance R = 4Ω, different soil resistivity and the corresponding net area shown in the following table: (Table 1)
Regulatory requirements by grounding, grounding-ray center from the base station is not more than distance, so in Table 1 by different soil resistivity of the grounding-ray counterparts from the center of the radius of the base station should be in the form set out in the framework of 2: (Table 1)
From Tables 1 and 2 can be seen in comparison, when the soil resistivity> 1000Ω m, the network edge from the base station to the length of more than regulatory requirements.
2, grounding Down Stop agent the role of the base station using the grounding grounding grounding resistance Down Stop agentformula (1) may be amended as follows:
(3) where: η ------ Down Stop agent grounding resistance of the lower rate of different soil resistivity corresponding drop Down Stop agent grounding resistance rate (Table 3)
From Tables 1 and 2 can be seen in comparison, when the soil resistivity> 1000Ω m, the network edge from the base station to the length of more than regulatory requirements.
2, grounding Down Stop agent the role of the base station using the grounding grounding grounding resistance Down Stop agentformula (1) may be amended as follows:
(3) where: η ------ Down Stop agent grounding resistance of the lower rate of different soil resistivity corresponding drop Down Stop agent grounding resistance rate (Table 3)
Therefore, the use of ground Down Stop agent, when R = 4Ω grounding resistance, the different soil resistivity and the corresponding net area shown in the following table: (Table 4)
For example: When the grounding resistance R ≤ 4Ω, soil resistivity ρ = 1000Ω m do not need to network from time to time Down Stop agent area of 125 × 125, after the use of ground network Down Stop agent area of 62.5 × 62.5.
As can be seen from Figure 1 to the use of network Down Stop agent area is one quarter the size of in situ networks. Soil resistivity ρ 1000Ω m, the lower the better resistance, the use of Down Stop agent place to network size and network will be smaller than the area.
For example: When the grounding resistance R ≤ 4Ω, soil resistivity ρ = 1000Ω m do not need to network from time to time Down Stop agent area of 125 × 125, after the use of ground network Down Stop agent area of 62.5 × 62.5.
As can be seen from Figure 1 to the use of network Down Stop agent area is one quarter the size of in situ networks. Soil resistivity ρ 1000Ω m, the lower the better resistance, the use of Down Stop agent place to network size and network will be smaller than the area.
